Various Sources of International Law

Question: What International Law is, and the various sources of international law? Answer: International law is the set of rules which have to be followed by the different countries of the world while dealing with each other. In this regard, there are three separate legal processes that are present under International Law. These are Public, Private and the Supranational Law. The public international law deals with the relationship among the sovereign states and the international bodies like the International Criminal Court. On the other hand, the private international law is related with the question of jurisdiction in conflict. Similarly the supranational Law provides a set of collective laws that are voluntarily followed by the sovereign states. In this way, the set of rules that are provided by the international law are generally considered an accepted as binding by the States. International law provides a framework that can be used for maintaining stable and organized relations between different countries of the world. The difference that is present between internation al law and the domestic law of different countries of the world is that the international law mainly applies to various nations instead of being applicable to be private citizens. In some cases, the domestic law may also be treated as international law when international jurisdiction is dedicated to the supranational tribunals, for example the International Criminal Court or the European Court of Human Rights. However, the pacts like the Geneva Convention may also need that the respective parts should confirm to the national law. Sources: Article 38(1), Statute of International Court of Justice provides the most significant statement related with these sources. On the basis of this statute, the major sources can be described as:- (i) International treaties or conventions (ii) International customs (iii) General principles of law: These general principles are considered as the source of international law because these principles are recognized by all the states and also by all the legal systems. In this way, these general principles forward the principles of justice and equity. These basic principles are indisputable and they also provide the mechanism in which those international issues can be addressed which are not already subject to binding customary rules or treaty provisions. (iv) Judicial decisions as well as the writings of eminent jurists (v) Reason and Equity (Ex aequo et bono) (vi) Custom: Apart from these, it has been mentioned in the Statute of ICJ in Article 38(1) that international customs are also recognized as being the international laws sources. In this regard, the Statute mentions that the international customs provide the evidence regarding the general practice that has been accepted by law. There are other source of international law as well. These can be described as:- (vii) Draft Conventions (viii) Equity and Justice (ix) Legally binding resolutions passed by international organizations (x) State Practices I Brownlie, Principles of Public International Law (OUP 2008) Slomanson, William (2011). Fundamental Perspectives on International Law. Boston, USA: Wadsworth Janis, Mark W. 1988. An Introduction to International Law. Boston: Little, Brown. Pagden, Anthony (1991). Vitoria: Political Writings (Cambridge Texts in the History of Political Thought). UK: Cambridge University Press References I Brownlie, Principles of Public International Law (OUP 2008) Slomanson, William (2011). Fundamental Perspectives on International Law. Boston, USA: Wadsworth Pagden, Anthony (1991). Vitoria: Political Writings (Cambridge Texts in the History of Political Thought). UK: Cambridge University Press Janis, Mark W. 1988. An Introduction to International Law. Boston: Little, Brown.

Hospitality and Tourism for PO Journey Act- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theHospitality and Tourism for PO Journey Act. Answer: Introduction This report presents the prime ethical and governing issues of Island. It also discusses the people who are responsible for resolving the issues that are faced by people of Island. Additionally, it defines the critical evaluation of PO journey act. It also presents the ways by which an Australian government can resolve the issues. This report shows the recommendation to overcome the issues in less time with an appropriate manner. Identify and discuss the prime ethical and governing issues presented in the Vanuatus Broken Dream video The farmers of Vanuatu generally face some ethical and governing problems, which may affect the travel and tourism sector. There are two kinds of problem that may be faced by the people of Vanuatu named ethical and governing issues. The primary ethical issues include different factors such as health, electricity, water, public toilet, and capital issues. Besides this, the governing issues involve lack of policies establishment, and lack of monitoring and implementation of policies (Buhalis, et al., 2013).These are discussed as below: Primary ethical issues The ethical issues of Vanuatu people are that they do not have inadequate amount of capital to promote the tourism. Further, people do not have enough capital to start their own business, which creates the problem for residential to meet their basic needs. In addition, it is also addressed that both farmers and people of Island earn more at the time of tourism. It is supportive to fulfill their basic needs in an appropriate manner. Additionally, hospitality community has maintained toilet only for the tourist, which is also a major issue for the residential people. Moreover, the residential people have faced some issues such as health issues, electricity, and water issues. The people have not toilet in their home, which is created the health issues in Vanuatu. The lack of electricity and water is also a major issue for the people. The lack of electricity can create the issue to appropriately complete the work of people. At the same time, lack of pure water can also create the health issues in Vanuatu. Furthermore, people have expected to the communities and government that they can provide the facility to local people regarding the health issues, electricity, and water because these are the major issues that have faced by themselves (Ye, et al., 2013). Governing Issues The government has not initiated to overcome the issues, which is a major problem for the Vanuatu people. The government bodies have not made any kind of policies regarding the problems of people, which can create the dissatisfactory among the farmers. Retrieved from the video, it is analyzed that corruption is also a major issue that may be declined by the standard of living and increase the poverty. Therefore, the government has tried to make reliable policies to overcome the issues of people. Did PO Journeys act ethically in this case? Justify your answer The PO Journeys act can be ethical in this case because it offers the safety and security to the tourist. Additionally, it can be said that the PO journeys act make a contract with tourist before start the tourism in Vanuatu. This contract is based on the safety and security to the tourist. So, it can be said that PO journey act could be appropriate in point of safety and security in tourism sector (Mok, et al., 2013). Who should be responsible for resolving issues that you have identified? Why? Explain your reasoning The government body should responsible for resolving the identified issues because the identified problem will be needed a huge amount of cash, which is not arranged by the people appropriately. In additionally, government bodies enjoy their luxury life rather than focusing on solving the poverty issues, which will create a major problem to people of Vanuatu. At the same time, it can be said that the government can provide the toilet, which is significant to overcome the health issues of people in an appropriate manner. Furthermore, electricity and water issues only can overcome by the effort of government. So, if the government can make effort regarding the problem then it can be easily eliminated the issue from the Vanuatu (Schuckert, et al., 2015). In addition, the government can also appoint the government bodies in Vanuatu to mitigate the corruption issues, which can improve the level of poverty. At the same time, it can be said the lack of involvement of government bodies can create the problem of poverty in Vanuatu. Discuss how Australian and/or Vanuatus governments could have resolved identified issues. Justify your answer There are certain strategies by which the government can resolve the issues in an effective manner such as Minimum wage laws, Social Security, create jobs, Negative Income Tax, and Hospitality management. These are as discussed below: Minimum wage laws The government can use the minimum wage laws wherein the company has offered an appropriate compensation to the employees. It will be effective to overcome the issues related to the basic need of people. At the same time, it can also decline the crime from the Vanuatu. Additionally, it can also increase the consumption level of the employees, which ultimately impact on the demand and supply of product and services. The enhancement in the demand and supply can increase the standard of living of people. At the same time, it will also supportive to attract more tourists because appropriate wage can enable the farmers to provide the attractive activities for the tourist (Mok, et al., 2013). Social Security Social security plays a significant role in the lives of the individual, which are lived in Vanuatu. The government has offered additional services related to the income, tax, social welfare, and unemployment. It will be appropriate to overcome the toilet, water, and electrical issues. At the same time, it can be said that the unemployment is a major issue for the people as well as a government because it will decline the growth of the country. So, the government can create the job to decline the unemployment issues of people along with enhancing the growth of state. Additionally, the social security can be supportive to attract new customers for tourism in Vanuatu (Law, et al., 2014). Negative income tax The government can also make strategy regarding the income tax for managing the income level of people appropriately. From the use of Negative income tax strategy, the government can decline the income tax of people who have limited earning source. It will increase the demand and supply of the product and services, which can be supportive to improve the situation of the economy in long-term. At the same time, it will be also effective to improve the standard of living. Recommendations to overcome such issues in the future The government should use some significant strategies to overcome these issues in the upcoming period. These are such as health awareness programme, the supply of pure water, development of public toilet, and development of electricity. These are discussed as below: Health awareness programme The government should start health awareness program to the people for informing about the importance of health. At the same time, the government should aware the people regarding the management or deal with health issues. In addition, when the people of Vanuatu are fully aware of the health issues then they can be able to perform appropriate behavior with tourist. Consequently, it can increase the growth of hospitality and tourism sectors in Vanuatu (Buhalis, et al., 2013). Development of public toilet The government can build public toilet because of attracting a large number of tourist and decline the health issues from the Vanuatu. At the same time, it can be said that the public toilet can retain the business of tourism in Vanuatu. Electrical and water supply management The government should improve the supply of water and electricity because of improving the standard of people as well as influencing the tourist. Furthermore, water issues can dissatisfy the tourist, which can decline the tourism of Vanuatu in long-term. It can decline the per capita income of people in long-term. As well as, the problem of electricity can also create the complexity in the tourism it is because electricity issue can negatively influence the business of tourism. Additionally, the electricity issue can be a major problem in the tourism. Therefore, the government should need to manage the electricity and water issue by making a particular department to manage such kinds of issues (Altinay, et al., 2015). Conclusion From the above analysis, it can be concluded that the hospitality and tourism can play a significant role to improve the situation of the state as well as people. Therefore, tourism country has a need to focus on satisfying the need and expectation of tourist appropriately. Additionally, it can be concluded that there are some factors that can affect the tourism of Vanuatu named electricity and water issues, Public toilet issues, and health issues. At the same time, it can also be said that there are also some significant strategies that can be used by the government to overcome such issues such as Health awareness programme, Development of a public toilet, and Electrical and water supply management. It can be effective to enhance the tourism sector in Vanuatu. References Altinay, L., Paraskevas, A., and Jang, S. S. (2015)Planning research in hospitality and tourism, UK: Routledge. Buhalis, D., and Crotts, J. (2013)Global alliances in tourism and hospitality management, UK: Routledge. Law, R., Buhalis, D., and Cobanoglu, C. (2014) Progress on information and communication technologies in hospitality and tourism,International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,26(5), pp. 727-750. Mok, C., Sparks, B., and Kadampully, J. (2013)Service quality management in hospitality, tourism, and leisure, UK: Rutledge. Schuckert, M., Liu, X., and Law, R. (2015) Hospitality and tourism online reviews: Recent trends and future directions, Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing,32(5), pp. 608-621. Ye, Q., Li, T., and Law, R. (2013) A co-authorship network analysis of tourism and hospitality research collaboration,Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Research,37(1), pp. 51-76.

How to Spot a Fraudulent Essay or Grant Proposals

How to Spot a Fraudulent Essay or Grant ProposalsStudents who are interested in writing a sample essay or a student grant proposal may want to learn how to identify sample essay fraud elements. It is important for a student to know how to spot them because there are plenty of applicants who would benefit from the approval of their academic and grant proposals.One of the most important major components of a scam is the misrepresentation of personal information. Some students will use aliases for their individual papers and assignments, or they may actually be false. The author of a sample essay or the applicant themselves may change some details to make it look as if it is an original piece of work. Therefore, it is extremely important that you have all of the information from the source that you are working with.One of the most common sample essay fraud elements is the submission of a rewrite or summaries that have not been approved by the higher education authority. Most universitie s will reject rewrites that have been submitted with an intention to obtain funds from the institution.A student who is writing a sample essay or a student grant proposal will likely be contacted by a different source who wants to have a discussion. In most cases, it is important for the student to go with a second source because a letter from an administrator might have been tampered with. In some cases, plagiarism may be involved, so the student should check all information that they received from the letter.There are several other sample essay fraud elements, such as submission of identical handwriting. Most people who are experienced in this field will recognize a different handwriting, and so if it is not 100% identical, it is very easy to detect.A student who has received their request for funding or an academic essay can have a little fun by having their name attached to an official letterhead. This will allow them to have a paper that they can present to someone who can actu ally see and read it.These are some of the most effective scam prevention measures that a student can take. If a student suspects that they have been cheated, they should immediately call the school or department of education in the area that they attended.

Music Evolution to Devolution free essay sample

It was forever ago when listening to music involved people opening their precious, favorite albums, putting the vinyl discs on their turntables- careful not to smudge them, putting the needle on the first track and with their Mackey Mouse-ear headphones, rocking out. Of course, when their parents were out Theyd lose the headphones. Those were the days of real music.People would Invest time to find the most obscure, crazy, Indies rock band, Tower Records, Hafts were some be-there-or- be-nowhere record stores where new and unusual albums would find their way into peoples small time lives. Peoples ganja and patchouli-hazed sensibilities were christened in those foggy years. This was when rock was driven by a guitar master or two, a healthy bass, whacked out synch and a drumbeat that would alter your pulse.You know the saying, if you remember the sixties and seventies, chances are, you werent there. We will write a custom essay sample on Music: Evolution to Devolution or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When you really think about it, music is more than it is made out to be. Its not Just a tune, a rhythm. Its a language. Most earlier rock and roll had a message. You listened to solos, and, it was like the music was talking to you. Take Shine on You Crazy Diamond, if you listen to Glamour Just scream out his guitar solo, I ill swear, It sounds Like Its speaking to you. Everything now Is so commercial, so consumer-driven.Record companies Like Atlantic went from selling Led Zeppelin, Phips, Rush, Yes, Genesis and Metallic to selling Trick Daddy and Twists. Being a rapper, Im sure, takes talent, rhythm mean, its just about sex and drugs- not that Led Zeppelin wasnt just about sex and drugs They just wrote it so much more poetic and it wasnt as blunt.

Farewell to Arms essays

Farewell to Arms essays Ernest Hemingways novel A Farewell to Arms uses nature to provide symbols that foreshadow events and also replace human emotion. In Hemingway the symbols are implicit; they follow the laws of reality to such a degree that in themselves form a whole, full-blooded stories (Bjorneboe). The replacement of emotions with symbols allows Hemingway to frequently understate what is really going on in the action. The symbols are used repeatedly therefore unifying the book and at points the reader even knows what the weather is going to be like. In A Farewell to Arms, Hemingway portrays his points through the natural symbols of rain, mountains, and plains. Throughout A Farewell to Arms, rain is used not as a symbol of life but as a recurring symbol of death and despair. The inexorable march of tragic warning which is echoed in the imagery, the rain(Rovit 105). This is a rain associated with darkness, mud, and death. In A Farewell to Arms the dominant state of mind- the sense of death, defeat, failure, nothingness, emptiness- is conveyed chiefly by the image of rain with all its tonal associates, mist, wetness, dampness, river, and fog(Schneider 286). Hemingway uses rain to foreshadow the coming of war. As winter came to an end and the snows change to rain the fighting commences. After a great battle the soldiers come home wet and muddy with a look of death upon their faces. The retreat begins, orderly, wet and sullen, with troops marching under the rain(Schneider 294). The rains also foreshadow Fredericks relationship with Catherine. It is not until March when it begins to rain and that old failure and bitterness threatens to shatter the lovers happiness (Schneider 296). The rains relentlessly follow the lovers wherever they go, and are present when the two lovers try to escape the army by rowing across the lake. The rain, which they have become to r...

Saudi Airline in Hajj Period Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Saudi Airline in Hajj Period - Case Study Example Many competitors are on their toes eager to take a big chunk of Saudi Airlines' air passenger market(O'connor 70). In addition, The Hajj is one of the five pillars of the Muslim faithfuls. For, "Since the birth of Islam, it has been a requirement that all Muslims who are able to do so must perform the Hajj, or pilgrimage, to Mecca at least once in a lifetime"(Gearon,1). However, the number of persons entering Saudi Arabia to performing the Hajj have continued to increased. The following paragraphs focuses on increasing Saudi Airline's revenues in terms of Hajj pilgrims and Non Hajj visitors. The official airline company of Saudi Arabia, Saudi airlines, is beset by many problems during the yearly religious Hajj pilgrimage. The most common complaints from client include flight cancellations and difficulties in reservation. In addition, it is observed that the sudden increase in travelers cause delay flight departures (Air Transport Department). The huge passenger also causes airports to be crowded(Moschis 8). Most travellers from local and international flight origins feel that they better service. It is a normal sight to hear passengers complain of the time wasted to search for their misplace or lost baggages. The Hajj is one of the five pillars of the Muslim faithfuls. ... Admittedly, there are more pilgrims that have performed their duty to Hajj today as compared to the prior decades. Two of the major reasons for this increasing influx of travelers to the Saudi Arabian Islamic holy destinations of Mecca and Medinah are easier financing and modern mass transport methods to perform their religious duty of Hajj. Many of these travelers to Saudi are illegal entries who do not possess valid passports and / or valid visas. The pour in from the Jordan, Yemen, Syria and other neighboring countries illegally to perform the Hajj. Legally, the Hajj Ministry issues an average of eight hundred thousand Hajj visas each year to Muslim pilgrims. And this is the goal of the world's more than 1.2 billion Muslims (Geron,1). In addition, "The pilgrimage to Mecca required once in a lifetime of every Muslim physically and financially capable--the Hajj is the central ritual of Islam. Theoretically egalitarian with emphasis on the unity of the global Muslim community, the Ha jj in practice--as portrayed by Robert R. Bianchi--reflects both unity and divisions between ethnicities, nationalities, classes, ages, and gender as pilgrims negotiate physically demanding rituals that necessitate cooperation across boundaries that would otherwise separate them"(Delong-Bas,1). Bianchi emphasized that the Saudi government is completely capable of protecting the over two million Hajj pilgrims that arrive in Mecca once a year because of the increase in population. II. Research problem IV. Saudi airlines - Company Background Saudi Airlines is currently the biggest airline company in Saudi Arabia and its neighboring countries. Currently, its fleet has four airbus A300 -600R that can carry 250 passengers, one

Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 27

Management - Essay Example This is a motivational approach with significant gain on its overall governance performance. On the side of service delivery, such a conducive working environment has significantly boosted the spirit of the staff to deliver quality services. According to the customer feedback data, it can be seen that efficiency and reliability characterize the company in as far as its interaction and relationship with customers is concerned. In regard to past the past accident that involved the company’s train in 2005, there has been significant change approaches to address any possibility of a similar scenario (Schaeffer 36). This has been incorporate to organization culture that emphasizes human welfare above profit maximization motive. Communication among departments is considered critical in co-ordination of various activities to ensure consistency in service delivery. This boosts the overall interpersonal relations within the workforce hence improved productivity. The company has a strong customer care services and this promotes its image and public relations. This is critical management principle that emphasizes use of communication to facilitate efficiency in the organization